HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps

HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps

HTX Perpetual Swap Tutorial (tsamba lawebusayiti)

1. Pitani ku " https://www.HTX.bi/zh-cn/ ", dinani "Kusinthana kwa Coin-Margined".
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
2.Dongosolo lidzakupangitsani kuti mutsegule mgwirizano wogulitsa malonda mukalowa mu HTX Futures kwa nthawi yoyamba.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
3.Users ayenera kumaliza Kutsimikizira Zowopsa poyamba pamene chilolezo chotsegula cha malonda. Dinani "Chotsatira". Werengani kudzera mu mgwirizano wa ogwiritsa ntchito, vomerezani ndikupereka mgwirizanowo. Kenako, mubwera patsamba la Mafunso, kuyankha mafunso ndikupereka mayankho anu. Atamaliza masitepe onse atatu, ogwiritsa ntchito adzapeza mwayi wa HTX Futures ndikuyamba kugulitsa.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
4. Pambuyo potsegula bwino kusintha kosalekeza, mukhoza kuwona UID ya akaunti, chitetezo cha akaunti, mlingo ndi zina zomwe zili kumtunda kumanja kwa bar yoyendetsa.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
5.Ogwiritsa ntchito atha kupeza batani la "Transfer" pansi pa chithunzi cha kandulo kuzungulira ngodya yakumanja (kapena dinani batani la "Katundu" (pamwamba pa tsamba loyambira), ndikutembenukira kutsamba lazinthu ndikupeza batani la "Transfer" pano). Ngati mulibe katundu m'chikwama chanu, chonde dinani batani "gulani ndalama", ndikutembenukira ku HTX OTC.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
Zenera losamutsa lidzawonekera, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusamutsa katundu kuchokera ku "Exchange Account" kupita ku "Contract Account" polowetsa kuchuluka ndikusankha ndalama zofananira za digito (monga BTC kapena ETH). Chomaliza ndikudina "Tsimikizani".
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
*Zindikirani: Pakadali pano, maakaunti omwe amangopezeka ndi maakaunti osinthana osatha akupezeka.

6.After posamutsa, owerenga angapeze okwana katundu ndi nkhani chilungamo kuzungulira kumanzere ngodya pamwamba pa tsamba loyamba. Pambuyo pake, ogwiritsa ntchito atha kuyamba kugulitsa pa HTX Futures (ngati ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kubisa zomwe ali ndi akaunti yawo, chonde dinani chizindikiro cha "diso").
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
7.Chonde sankhani mitundu ya mgwirizano yomwe mukufuna kuyikapo, mwachitsanzo, BTC Swap.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
8.Perpetual Swap pakadali pano imathandizira mpaka 125x mphamvu. Ngati ogwiritsa ntchito agwiritsa ntchito chiwongola dzanja chopitilira 30x, akuyenera kuvomereza "mgwirizano wapamwamba kwambiri" ndikusankha kuchuluka kowonjezera malinga ndi momwe zilili.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
Mukasankha chowonjezera, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha kuyitanitsa mitengo kapena kuyitanitsa mtengo wa BBO kuti atsegule malo. Ngati bullish pa msika, owerenga akhoza kutsegula yaitali. Ngati bearish, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutsegula mwachidule.
  • Malire oda: lowetsani mtengo ndi kuchuluka kuti muyike dongosolo; kapena sankhani "mtengo wowerengera", "mafayilo abwino 5" ndi njira zina, ingolowetsani kuchuluka kuti muyike dongosolo. Lamulo la malire limatchula mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kugula kapena mtengo wotsika kwambiri womwe angagulitse. Wogwiritsa ntchito akakhazikitsa malire amtengo, msika upereka patsogolo pamtengo womwe umafika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino. Kulamula malire angagwiritsidwe ntchito potsegula ndi kutseka malo. Kuwongolera malire kungasankhe njira zitatu zothandiza, "Post only", "Dzazani Kapena Iphani", "Immediate O rCancel"; dongosolo la malire limakhala "lothandiza nthawi zonse" pamene njira yovomerezeka siidasankhidwe.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
Choyambitsa: lowetsani mtengo woyambitsa, mtengo woyitanitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa makontrakitala kuti muyike maoda.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
9.Users atha kupeza maoda odzazidwa mu Open Positions, ndi maoda osadzazidwa mu Open Orders omwe amatha kuchotsedwa musanadzazidwe.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
10.Pamene mufika kutseka malo, mukhoza kusankha malire mtengo kapena BBO mtengo kutseka yaitali / lalifupi malo.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
11.Dinani "Chidziwitso" pamwamba kumanzere kwa bar yoyendetsa kuti muwone "Settlement", "Insurance Fund", "Funding ratio", etc. 12.Pamwamba kumanja
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
kwa "Trading Management" navigation page, Chonde dinani "Order Mbiri" ndi "Transaction History" kuti muwone maoda ndi mbiri yamalonda m'miyezi itatu yapitayi.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps

HTX Perpetual Swaps Operation Guide (App)


1, Kulowa mu HTX APP, ogwiritsa ntchito atha kupeza Contact (polowera) pansi pa tsamba loyambira. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kudina avatar yomwe ili pakona yakumanzere kwa "Home" kuti muwone UID ya akaunti, likulu la akaunti, zoikamo ndi zidziwitso zina ndikulowetsa njira yolumikizira kasitomala 2.Dinani "Contract"
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
mu bar yolowera pansi kuti mulowe mgwirizano, dinani batani la mndandanda pakona yakumanzere yakumanzere kuti musankhe Perpetual Swaps transaction.Ngati simunatsegule kontrakitala, chonde dinani batani la "Open contract trade" kuti mutsegule chilolezo chamalonda.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps\
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
Dinani "Tsegulani" patsamba lofulumira. Patsamba loyambitsa mgwirizano, chitsimikiziro cha chizindikiritso chiyenera kuchitidwa chitsimikiziro chisanamalizidwe. Mukamaliza kutsimikizira kuti ndinu ndani, tsamba la mgwirizano wa ogwiritsa ntchito limalowetsedwa. Pambuyo kuvomereza mgwirizano, dinani "Chotsatira" kuti atsegule bwino mgwirizano.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
3. Pambuyo potsegula mgwirizano wa HTX, dinani [···] pakona yakumanja kwa mawonekedwe, dinani "Margin transfer" pazenera la mndandanda, chidziwitso cha malo onse chidzatuluka, ndikudina "Chabwino. ".
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
Patsamba la "Choka", sankhani kusamutsa ku "Exchange" kupita ku "Swap Account", sankhani ndalama zakusamutsa, lowetsani ndalama zomwe zikuyenera kusamutsidwa, kenako dinani "Choka". Pakadali pano, "Exchange" ndi "Swap Account" zokha zitha kusamutsidwa.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
4.After kulanda, inu mukhoza kuwona panopa okwana chilungamo cha nkhani mu chapamwamba kumanzere ngodya. Kenako dinani batani la mndandanda pamwamba kumanzere ngodya kuti mukumane ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mgwirizano, ndikusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Kusinthana kosatha malinga ndi zosowa zanu, monga "BTC Swap".
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
5.Kusintha kosalekeza pakali pano kumathandizira kuchulukitsa kwa 125 nthawi. Ngati ogwiritsa ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopitilira 30, akuyenera kuvomereza "Mgwirizano Wapamwamba Wowonjezera". Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha kuchuluka kowonjezera malinga ndi momwe zilili.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
Mukasankha chowonjezera, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha kuyitanitsa mitengo kapena kuyitanitsa mtengo wa BBO kuti atsegule malo. Ngati bullish pa msika, owerenga akhoza kutsegula yaitali. Ngati bearish, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutsegula mwachidule.
  • Malire oda: lowetsani mtengo ndi kuchuluka kuti muyike dongosolo; kapena sankhani "mtengo wowerengera", "mafayilo abwino 5" ndi njira zina, ingolowetsani kuchuluka kuti muyike dongosolo. Lamulo la malire limatchula mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kugula kapena mtengo wotsika kwambiri womwe angagulitse. Wogwiritsa ntchito akakhazikitsa malire amtengo, msika upereka patsogolo pamtengo womwe umafika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino. Kulamula malire angagwiritsidwe ntchito potsegula ndi kutseka malo.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
Kuwongolera malire kungasankhe njira zitatu zothandiza, "Post only", "Dzazani Kapena Iphani", "Immediate O rCancel"; dongosolo la malire limakhala "lothandiza nthawi zonse" pamene njira yovomerezeka siidasankhidwe.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
Choyambitsa: lowetsani mtengo woyambitsa, mtengo woyitanitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa makontrakitala kuti muyike maoda.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
6.Ogwiritsa atha kupeza maoda odzazidwa mu Open Positions, ndi maoda osadzazidwa mu Open Orders omwe amatha kuchotsedwa musanadzazidwe.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
7.Pamene mufika kutseka malo, mukhoza kusankha malire mtengo kapena BBO mtengo kutseka yaitali / yochepa maudindo.
  • Sinthani ku mawonekedwe a Close, sankhani "Limit Order", "Trigger Order" kapena "Advanced Limit Order" kuti mutseke malowo, ndikudina "Tlock Long" mutatsimikizira (ngati muli ndi Short Position, chonde dinani "Close Short"). .
  • Sinthani mawonekedwe a Positions ndikusankha "Flash Close".
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
8.Dinani [···] pakona yakumanja kwa mawonekedwe kuti muchite "Zikhazikiko" ndikuwona zambiri "Zamgwirizano wa Contract".
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
9. Dinani "Balances" m'munsi kumanja ngodya, kusankha "Contract" ndi mgwirizano mtundu, ndipo inu mukhoza kuona Transactions wa mtundu lolingana mgwirizano.
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps
HTX Futures - Maupangiri a Coin-Margined Swaps

Malamulo Ogulitsa Zosinthana Zosatha


Nthawi yogulitsa

Nthawi zonse zosinthana 7 * 24 maola. Pakali pano, kuthetsa milandu kumachitika maola 8 aliwonse, ndipo kuthetsa kukuchitika nthawi zitatu za 00:00, 8:00 ndi 16:00 (GMT+8). Ntchitoyi idzayimitsidwa panthawi yokonzanso. Kuchuluka kwa nthawi yosokoneza malonda kumadalira nthawi yokhazikika ya dongosolo.

Kusokonezeka ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa kusintha kosalekeza kumasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndiko kuti, ngati mitundu ya BTC ikukhazikitsidwabe ndipo mitundu ina ya ndalama za digito yakhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti mitundu ina ya ndalama za digito ikhoza kuyambiranso malonda poyamba.



Mitundu Yogulitsa

Zogulitsa zitha kugawidwa m'malo otsegulira ndi kutseka. Mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kugawidwa m'magawo awiri, wautali ndi waufupi:

Tsegulani malo aatali amatanthauza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito amagula chiwerengero cha mapangano pamene index ndi bullish. Pamene ntchitoyo yatha, maudindo aatali adzawonjezeka.
Kutseka kwautali kumatanthauza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito amatuluka pamsika pochotsa mapangano ogula omwe ali nawo pomwe indexyo sikhala yamphamvu. Pamene ntchitoyo yatha, maudindo aatali adzachepa.

Tsegulani malo achidule amatanthauza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito amagulitsa ma contract angapo pomwe indexyo ili bearish. Ntchito ikamalizidwa, malo amfupi adzawonjezeka.
Kutseka kwakanthawi kochepa kumatanthawuza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito amatuluka pamsika pochotsa mgwirizano wogulitsa womwe wachitika pakadali pano pomwe indexyo si ya bearish. Ntchito ikamalizidwa, malo amfupi adzachepa.


Mitundu yoyitanitsa

Malire: Wogwiritsa ntchito akuyenera kutchula mtengo ndi kuchuluka kwa dongosololi. Lamulo la malire limatchula mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe ogwiritsa ntchito angafune kugula kapena mtengo wotsika kwambiri womwe angafune kugulitsa. Wogwiritsa ntchito akakhazikitsa mtengo wochepera, msika udzayika patsogolo malondawo pamtengo womwe ungakhale wabwino kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Kulamula malire angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsegula ndi kutseka malo. Lamulo loletsa lingasankhe njira zitatu zothandiza, "Post only", "FOK (Fill Or Kill)", "IOC (Immediate Or Cancel)"; pamene palibe njira yabwino yosankhidwa, dongosolo la malire limakhala "lovomerezeka nthawi zonse".

Choyambitsa: Wogwiritsa akhoza kuyika mtengo woyambitsa ndi mtengo wake ndi kuchuluka kwake pasadakhale. Mitengo yaposachedwa kwambiri yamsika ikafika pamtengo woyambitsa, makinawo amayitanitsa kutengera mtengo woyitanitsa ndi kuchuluka kwake zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pasadakhale (ie, malire).

BBO (Best Bid Offer) dongosolo: Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito asankha BBO kuti ayike oda, wogwiritsa amangolowetsa kuchuluka kwa madongosolo, ndipo sangalowe mumtengo. Dongosololi liwerengera mtengo waposachedwa wa otsutsa panthawi yolandira dongosolo ili (ngati wogwiritsa ntchito agula, mtengo wa otsutsa ndi mtengo wa 1 wa dongosolo logulitsa; ngati likugulitsa, mtengo wotsutsa ndi mtengo wa 1 wogula.) , ikani malire a mtengowu.

The Optimal Top N BBO Price Order: Mwa The Optimal Top N BBO Price Order ntchito, zikutanthauza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyitanitsa kutengera mtengo wa BBO, omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyitanitsa mwachangu ndikukwaniritsa nthawi yomweyo posankha mulingo womwe akufuna pakati pa "pamwamba". 5 mtengo wabwino kwambiri wa BBO”, “10 wapamwamba kwambiri wamtengo wa BBO” kapena “mitengo 20 yabwino kwambiri ya BBO” ndikulowetsani kuchuluka kwa mgwirizano. Palibe chifukwa chotengera vuto kuweruza ndikulowetsa mtengo. The Optimal Top N BBO Price Order ntchito imapezeka potsegula ndi kutseka ponse ponse ponse pawiri ndi dongosolo loyambitsa, kupangitsa kuti azichita mwachangu komanso kuthandiza wogwiritsa ntchito kulanda msika wawukulu womwe ungachitike.

Kutsekera kwa Flash: Flash Close ndi ntchito yomwe ingathandize ogwiritsa ntchito kuyitanitsa ndi mitengo 30 yabwino kwambiri kutengera maoda amitengo ya BBO. Mwanjira ina, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutseka malo okhala ndi mitengo 30 yabwino kwambiri ya BBO mwachangu momwe angathere. Komabe, ngati pali malo omwe atsala osatseka, magawo osadzazidwa amasinthidwa kukhala Limit Order basi. Mitengo yapafupi ya Flash Close ndi yodziwikiratu, kupewa kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha malamulo osakwaniritsidwa msika ukuyenda mwachiwawa.



Kusinthana kwanthawi zonse

kumathandizira 1x, 2x, 3x ndi kukweza kwakukulu motsatana, ndipo mwayi wapamwamba kwambiri umathandizira 100x.

Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa BTC ndi ka 10. Ogwiritsa ntchito amangofunika kukhala ndi 1 BTC ngati malire kuti atsegule malo aatali / amfupi ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa 10 BTC, womwe udzabweretse phindu lochulukirapo.

Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusankha chothandizira asanatsegule malo. Pambuyo potsegula malo, wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kusintha momwe akusinthira panopa pamene palibe dongosolo lomwe likudikirira.

Mwachitsanzo:
  • Tom nkhani chilungamo anali 1 BTC, ndipo iye anagwira 100 conts swaps (100 USD/ contract) wa udindo yaitali ndi popezera 5x ndi mtengo lotseguka 10,000 USD. Mtengo waposachedwa ukafika pa 12,000 USD, phindu ndi malire ake ndi motere:
Phindu: 0,1666 BTC; Chiwerengero cha PnL ndi 83.33%;
Malo apakati: 0.1666 BTC;
Chiwerengero cha malire: 697.50%.
  • Kungoganiza kuti Tom adasinthira ku 3X kukweza mtengo pomwe mtengo waposachedwa ndi 12,000 USD, malire a malo, chiŵerengero cha PnL ndi chiŵerengero cha malire zidzasintha moyenerera popanda phindu lenileni silinakhudzidwe. Deta pambuyo pa kusintha ndi motere:
Phindu: 0,1666 BTC; PnL chiŵerengero: 50.00%;
Malo malire = (100 * 100) / 12,000 / 3 = 0.2777 BTC;
Chiŵerengero cha malire = (1.1666 / 0.2777) * 100% - 1.5% = 418.59%;
  • Chifukwa chake zitha kuwoneka kuti zidziwitso za malo monga ma margin, malire a malire ndi chiŵerengero cha PnL zidzakhudzidwa ndi kusinthana kwazitsulo pamene mukugwira maudindo, koma phindu lenileni silidzatero.
ZINDIKIRANI:

1. Kuchulukitsa kwamtsogolo kokha pazamalonda kungasinthidwe mukakhala ndi maudindo.

2. Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi maudindo amatha kusinthana mphamvu pokhapokha ngati alibe malire otseguka ndikuyambitsa madongosolo.

3. Ma leverages omwe alipo okhawo omwe angasinthidwe;

4. Ngati mutatha kusintha malire omwe alipo ndi osachepera 0, kusinthako sikungapambane.

5. Ngati mutatha kusintha chiŵerengero cha malire ndi chocheperapo kapena chofanana ndi 0, kusinthako sikungayende bwino.

6. Kusintha kwamphamvu kungalephereke chifukwa cha zovuta monga kusagulitsa malonda, malire osakwanira, mavuto amtaneti, kapena zovuta zamakina.



Ogwiritsa ntchito a Positon

adzalandira malo akatsegula malo, Malo omwe ali mbali imodzi ya mitundu yofanana yosinthika kosatha amaphatikizidwa. Mu akaunti imodzi yosinthika yosatha, pakhoza kukhala malo ochulukirapo a 2, malo aatali osinthana nthawi zonse, ndi malo aafupi osinthika osatha.
  • Kusintha kosatha kwa mtundu umodzi kudzaphatikizidwa. Ngati wosuta atsegula 1 BTC swaps kosatha poyamba, ndiyeno atsegula 2 BTC swaps yosatha, ndiye 3 BTC yosatha idzawonetsedwa pa malo, iwo sadzalekanitsidwa.
  • Potseka malo, mtengo wake umawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosuntha. Ndiko kuti, kutseka malo sikusiyanitsa malo omwe ali malo otsekedwa, koma kumawerengera ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku mtengo wapakati monga mtengo wamtengo wapatali.


Kuchepetsa kwa maudindo ndi madongosolo

a HTX Futures amachepetsa malo onse a ogwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa maoda, kuti apewe kusokoneza msika.
  • Chitsanzo cha BTC ndi ETH:

Kusinthana

Payekha Ogwiritsa Ntchito malire

(Chigawo: pitilizani)

Malire a kukula kwa dongosolo

(Chigawo: pitilizani)

Udindo wautali

Malo achidule

Tsegulani malo

Tsekani malo

BTC

300000

300000

45000

90000

Mtengo wa ETH

1000000

1000000

150000

300000


【Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zomwe zili pamwambazi zitha kusinthidwa munthawi yeniyeni molingana ndi momwe msika uliri, ndipo zosinthazo zidzapangidwa popanda chidziwitso china.】

Ngati kuchuluka kwa maudindo kapena madongosolo omwe ali ndi akaunti ndi ochulukirapo ndipo pali chiopsezo cha msika. kunyengerera, ndiye HTX Futures ali ndi ufulu wofuna wosuta, kuphatikizapo koma osati malire: kutengera kuletsa malamulo kapena kutseka malo, etc.Riskmanagement miyeso ya HTX Futures akuphatikiza koma osati malire: gross udindo malire, malamulo malire, kuletsa malamulo. , ndi kuthetsa, etc.

Dziwani:
  • Kusintha kosatha kwa mtundu umodzi kudzaphatikizidwa. Ngati wosuta atsegula 1 BTC swaps kosatha poyamba, ndiyeno atsegula 2 BTC swaps yosatha, ndiye 3 BTC yosatha idzawonetsedwa pa malo, iwo sadzalekanitsidwa.
  • Potseka malo, mtengo wake umawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosuntha. Ndiko kuti, kutseka malo sikusiyanitsa malo omwe ali malo otsekedwa, koma kumawerengera ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku mtengo wapakati monga mtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Thank you for rating.